Descriptive survey of LoRaWAN and specific applications

Abstract

The Internet of Things requires long range communication protocols and low energy consumption. Among these protocols is LoRaWAN, which operates in ISM radio bands at frequencies below 1 GHz. It has a coverage of several kilometers in line of sight, and it is ideal for urban and rural areas. The data transfer rate is low, which leads to low energy consumption, greater autonomy of battery-powered sensors and allows the development of Internet of Things applications. The protocol architecture includes Gateways to connect the sensors to the Internet, which can process thousands of messages simultaneously in up to 10 channels.In this article, we analyze different LoRaWAN Gateways based on appliances to describe applications used in this protocol. The architecture and protocol of LoRaWAN and the LoRa PHY layer are also described.